Whos Worried About Essay Conclusions Samples and Why You Should Listen to Them

Who's Worried About Essay Conclusions Samples and Why You Should Listen to Them There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. There are a lot of things to consider and most importantly, is the dependability of the service you decide to use. The body tells the reader what things to do with the info you're providing. First of all, conclusion that you're finishing help here, so do introductions incorporate any new info. Compulsory Education Everyone should remain in school until age eighteen. Many schools offer you extemporaneous speaking competitions. Students have to keep in mind 3 significant differences. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic. Writing a wonderful conclusion is often as straightforward as using a quip! It is a gift that comes naturally. Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. Writing a business essay permits you to represent your professional opinion on a specific subject. How to Choose Essay Conclusions Samples You also have to restate the thesis and bring your primary notion to the stage. Call to action conclusions persuade the reader to choose the argument constructed and change their lives in agreement with the new information that they have gained. Your conclusion can go past the confines of the assignment. It is your chance to have the last word on the subject. These discussions go farther in many homes where folks discuss political issue and take part in political talks. Highlighting the demand for additional research provides the reader with evidence that you've got an in-depth awareness of the research issue. Worldwide consumerism is a consequence of globalization, which reduces the amount of borders in our world. The exact same applies for critical research. Ending an essay is just half of the offer. Ending an essay with similar scenario might help to show your point and make a better understanding. Conclusion is the last part that summarizes your most important points. Writing an essay conclusion might seem an obvious and straightforward step in the full essay writing task. If you wish to learn to compose a conclusion for an expository essay, you also will need to concentrate on your principal idea and thesis statement. Logical fallacies ought to be avoided too. Any evidence or argument that's important to supporting your thesis statement should show up in the principal body of the essay. Restate your principal arguments. Make sure, however, your conclusion isn't just a repetitive overview of the findings. No matter what type of essay you're writing, the conclusion is among the most crucial paragraphs. You will need to see that conclusion isn't just a very simple overview of evidence you've provided in your principal portion of the essay. The conclusion is quite a significant part your essay. What you learn how to let readers. Also, you're going to need a transition word to earn readers understand you're going to conclude. Writers should also give the reader with a fresh new outlook on the topic, leaving them thinking about the matter. Our writers always create unique content that is absolutely free from all grammatical error. Golden rules Ideas Make certain you answer the question as it's asked. Banning smoking isn't a good idea. Use logical reasoning to back up your recommendation. Blood sports ought to be banned. You take a listen to the terrific music and are content with your purchase up to now. If you like it is possible to look online and find one that you like.

Data Encapsulation Object-Oriented Programming Basics

Data encapsulation is the most important concept to grasp when programming with  objects. In object-oriented programming data  encapsulation is concerned with: Combining data and how its manipulated in one place. This is achieved through the state (the private fields) and the behaviors (the public methods) of an object.Only allowing the state of an object to be accessed and modified through behaviors. The values contained within an objects state can then be strictly controlled.Hiding the details of how the object works. The only part of the object that is accessible to the outside world is its behaviors. What happens inside those behaviors and how the state is stored is hidden from view. Enforcing Data Encapsulation First, we must design our objects so that they have state and behaviors. We create private fields that hold the state and public methods that are the behaviors. For example, if we design a person object we can create private fields to store a persons first name, last name, and address. The values of these three fields combine to make the objects state. We could also create a method called displayPersonDetails to display the values of the first name, last name, and address to the screen. Next, we must make behaviors that access and modify the state of the object. This can be accomplished in three ways: Constructor methods. A new instance of an object is created by calling a constructor method. Values can be passed to a constructor method to set the initial state of an object. There are two interesting things to note. First, Java does not insist that every object has a constructor method. If no method exists then the state of the object uses the default values of the private fields. Second, more than one constructor method can exist. The methods will differ in terms of the values that are passed to them and how they set the initial state of the object.Accessor methods. For every private field we can create a public method that will return its value.Mutator methods. For every private field we can create a public method that will set its value. If you want a private field to be read only do not create a mutator method for it. For example, we can design the person object to have two constructor methods. The first one doesnt take any values and simply sets the object to have a default state (i.e., the first name, last name, and address would be empty strings). The second one sets the initial values for the first name and last name from values passed to it. We can also create three accessor methods called getFirstName, getLastName and getAddress that simply return the values of the corresponding private fields. Create a mutator field called setAddress that will set the value of the address private field. Lastly, we hide the implementation details of our object. As long as we stick to keeping the state fields private and the behaviors public there is no way for the outside world to know how the object works internally. Reasons for Data Encapsulation The main reasons for employing data encapsulation are: Keeping the state of an object legal. By forcing a private field of an object to be modified by using a public method, we can add code into the mutator or constructor methods to make sure the value is legal. For instance, imagine the person object also stores a username as part of its state. The username is used to log into the Java application were building but is constrained to a length of ten characters. What we can do is add code into the usernames mutator method that makes sure the username is not set to a value longer than ten characters.We can change the implementation of an object. As long as we keep the public methods the same we can change how the object works without breaking the code that uses it. The object is essentially a black box to the code that calls it.Re-use of objects. We can use the same objects in different applications because we have combined the data and how its manipulated in one place.The independence of each object. If an object is incorrectly coded and causing errors, its easy to test and fix because the code is in one place. In fact, the object can be tested independently from the rest of the application. The same principle can be used in large projects where different programmers can be assigned the creation of different objects.

Classical and Operant Conditioning Essay - 1000 Words

While many people may believe that learning is just a natural response that all animals are capable of, there is actually a more complex explanation on how we learn the things we do in order to survive in the world. Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both basic forms of learning, they have the word conditioning in common. Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Classical conditioning is achieved by manipulating reflexes. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a†¦show more content†¦Organisms will be inclined to comply to the desired response if they are rewarded for doing so. If an organism is punished for a certain behavior they will not risk the same punishment recurring. In operant conditioning, it is possible to strengthen responses by either presenting positive reinforcement or by the removal of negative reinforces. New responses can be learned by organisms by gradually reinforcing closer and closer approximations of the desired response (Weiten p. 238). This is what is meant by shaping, It is the gradual use of reinforcement until the desired response has been reached. Reinforcement is the main contributing factor in operant conditioning. There is more than one way to go about establishing reinforcement, if a delay occurs between the response and the reinforcement the response may not become strengthened. It is likely that if the reinforcement occurs immediately after the response that there will be a definite strengthening of the response. Continuous reinforcement is when reinforcement occurs at every instance of the desired response. Intermittent reinforcement occurs when a response is reinforced some of the time. The different schedules of reinforcement influence patterns of response. Intermittent schedules offer greater resistance to extinction than continuous schedules.Show MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1204 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are very practical and can be seen and used in everyday life. Classical and operant conditioning are differ ent forms of learning which have importance in everyday life and can be found in advertising, PTSD, and even lifestyle changes. To fully understand the importance of classical and operant conditioning, it is important to first understand what they are and how they are different. Classical conditioningRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1492 Words   |  6 Pages To expand upon the concepts of the two forms of conditioning listed above, three additional principals not previously listed for the sake of convenience are present in both forms of conditioning; these three principals-extinction, spontaneous recovery, and stimulus discrimination-are among the number of basic principals of conditioning that are found in most forms of conditioning. To explain, Extinction refers to the process by which the steady weakening or diminishment of a conditioned responseRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1249 Words   |  5 Pagestwo stimuli or a behavior and a learned stimulus. Associative learning is divided in to two central techniques, classical conditioning and operant condition. Classical and operant conditioning are basic methods of learning and conditioning is used to adapt a behavior or association through a stimuli or consequence (Ciccarelli, 2012). While classical conditioning and operant conditioning are key elements in associative learning, they have significant differences. A clear contrast between the two theoriesRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1693 Words   |  7 Pagesexamples of their work, as well as an exploration into the advantages and disadvantages that some of these approaches possess. Behaviourism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are attained through conditioning. Behaviourists believe conditioning occurs when we interact with the environment and that the environment we are in determines the way we respond to a stimulus. The behaviourist approach believes we learn behaviours through association between response and consequenceRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning913 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning There are two learning processes that are used, classical condition and operant conditioning. One learning process used is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. I found two TV commercials that are excellent examples for classical conditioning. The first commercial I found is an Old Spice commercialRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1146 Words   |  5 Pageslearning is known as conditioning. Conditioning stresses the relationship between stimuli and responses. The two types of conditioning found are Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. As stated before, learning may occur in different ways but Classical and Operant conditioning are two of several theories on learning which take the behaviorist approach. â€Å"Classical conditioning is an association of one event with another that results in a pattern of behavior.† Operant conditioning however, is â€Å"learningRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning883 Words   |  4 Pagesexperiments conducted by Ivan Pavlov, B.F Skinner, and various others, our learning process can be--and normally is--significantly influenced by the social and physical world around us. Two particular examples of this are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. â€Å"Classical conditioning occurs when a natural stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response† (Schacter). For example, in horror movies suspenseful music tends to precede dramatic eventsRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning959 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the experience of something. Two important associative learning styles that I learned that grasped my attention are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are used everyday, and with that, peo ple can categorize their certain behavior into places in which they fall in. The first type of associative learning is classical conditioning, which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during an experiment. It is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associatedRead MoreClassical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning1189 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities between Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning? Many people believe that Classical and Operant are similar. Several people don’t know what the similarities and differences of Classical and Operant are, several people think it is the same learning method, which in this case I’m going to compare and contrast each behavior and give you information about each one, so you could have a better understanding of each method and what they do. Classical and Operant are very similar to eachRead MoreBehaviorism And Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesfounders of the theory who are John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. However, the information will foc us more on their early education and known achievements. Furthermore, you will find different theories regarding behaviorism such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In order to understand the difference and similarities between the two of them examples have been provided. To fully comprehend in what Behaviorism consists of, modern applications examples of the theory have been also included

The Economic Bill Of Rights - 888 Words

One of the most famous historical documents is the Economic Bill of Rights, which is also known as the Second Bill of Rights. This document is especially important for the modern American during the current recession. It is an extremely reliable account of the past, requiring a historian to approach it with the knowledge that it was written immediately before World War II (thus understanding the economy of the time and the reasons behind this document’s creation), and remains applicable to the twenty-first century economy. This document, though known today as the Second Bill of Rights, was originally part of Franklin Roosevelt’s state of the Union address in 1944. Also titled the Economic Bill of Rights, it was produced and shared for the first time in Washington, D.C. (US History 2016). Though originally crafted as part of an overall speech, this document now stands alone as the Economic Bill of Rights. At the beginning of the speech, the President addresses the initial goals of the United States and the ways in which they conflict with the current economy. He promises that the American people were entering a new world of happiness and longevity, but questioned how anyone could be content if even one part of the population remained hungry or homeless (Roosevelt, 1). Therefore, Roosevelt deems freedom to have an intrinsic relationship to economic security and livelihood. He explains that freedom cannot be guaranteed unless everyone is happy, and even asserts that anShow MoreRelatedA Good Number Of Socio Economic Rights Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesas justiciable rights, or (iii) marking these rights as non-justiciable directive principles of state policy, or (iv) omitting totally to refer to these rights in the constitution. The interim constitution being in force from 1994 to 1997 included only the most uncontroversial rights most of which were actually civil and political in nature along with a few socio-economic rights such as right to basic education (section 32(a)), right of every child to security, basic nutrition, health and socialRead MorePros And Cons Of The Texas Bathroom Bill829 Words   |  4 Pagesto pass transgender rights, and Texas is of no means of an exception. Some of these include bathroom rights. In Texas, the bathroom bill passed through the Texas Senate, but did not survive through the Texas House, resulting in a temporary halt. Even now, the government still question the rights. It is suggested that Texas may need a bathroom bill, but would probably end in some kind of financial consequence, along with many Americans losing their jobs. The Texas Bathroom Bill, otherwise known asRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Of Containment1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthreaten countries from Communist power with American atomic weapons, economic aid, espionage, propaganda, and army alliances. Eventually, the containment policy was significant in America and around the world because it was â€Å"...a critical turning point in the development of the Cold War, providing a compelling rationale for wielding U.S. power throughout the world.†(Roark, Pg.870) (Roark, Pg.867) -Keynesian Economics Keynesian economics, derived from the ideology of John Maynard Keynes’, was a strategyRead MoreWhat Is Economic Crisis?1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe repercussions of the economic crisis are not going to disappear in the short What is economic crisis? * An economic crisis is A situation in which the economy of a country or countries experiences a sudden downturn brought on by a financial crisis. A financial crisis is a situation when money demand quickly rises relative to money supply. Until a few decades ago, a financial crisis was equivalent to a banking crisis. Today it may also take the form of a currency crisis. Many economists haveRead MoreThe Snap ( Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ) And Wic ( Women, Infants, Children ) Programs864 Words   |  4 Pages but a recent bill is being made in order to address these rules. These changes will deactivate members’ abilities to purchase prepackaged food, and has limited them to purchase only food staples. These food staples included foods such as rice, bread, fruits, etc. While the desired new rules for SNAP are similar to the current rules of WIC, the bill will also attempt to allow members of WIC to purchase white potatoes in addition to their food staples. Mult iple commodities’ economic standing willRead MoreTwo Party System in U.S. Essay example687 Words   |  3 Pagesto the battles for states rights and the economic issues of the time. These two topics were closely associated with each other and they helped contributed to the political struggle between the Democrats and the Whigs. The political divisions had occurred one part due to Jacksons veto of the re-chartering of the Bank of the United States, the Tariff of Abominations, and the disastrous effects the Panic of 1837 had on the economy. Jacksons veto of the Maysville Road Bill and South Carolinas nullificationRead MoreHouse Bill 2. Introduction. In The United States, The Only1530 Words   |  7 PagesHouse Bill 2 Introduction In the United States, the only LGBT right guaranteed on the national level is same-sex marriage. North Carolina pales in comparison to other states on this front, especially when you consider the effects of House Bill 2. In this memo, I propose that State Republicans work towards a prompt repeal of House Bill 2, in an effort to curb the economic consequences of it. A repeal would give local institutions the right to establish their own nondiscrimination policies, revertingRead MoreStrategic Interagency Board On International Climate Investment972 Words   |  4 Pagesvia various initiatives and programs. While the elements of the bill are more concrete in their purpose and action; two of the policy’s notable characteristics are more general and vague. The two I identified, promise to protect Americans from the impacts of climate change through reductions in greenhouse gases by providing assistance to developing countries. While doing so, the U.S. will recognize and respect t he natural resource rights of those developing countries. Both of these objectives seem nobleRead MoreThe Issue Of Reproductive Rights1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of reproductive rights surrounding women in Texas has been a hot buttoned issue since the closing of many reproductive centers across the state. Recently damaging abortion restrictions were passed and therefor encroach on women’s reproductive rights even more by decreasing access to abortion care. Texas’ 84th Legislature, both passed HB 3994 as a law and had it Governor Abbott make it effective with his signature on July 8, or this year. This law complicates access to abortion servicesRead MoreMarch on Washington Causes and Consequences Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFinal The march on Washington in August 1963 is seen by many as the high point of the Civil Rights movement in America. This essay will look at how dissatisfaction with the slow pace of integration growing concern at the economic disparity between black and white Americans, the campaign in Birmingham under Martin Luther King juniors leadership, and the desire to support the proposed civil rights bill that Kennedy was introducing were the main causes of the March taking place. It will also discuss

Sex Offenders - 1410 Words

Introduction Treatment providers recognized that sex offenders evidenced had a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, or thought processes that allowed the offenders to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame (Abel, 1989). No matter what setting that cognitive therapy is used in, its purpose is to focus on the way an individual thinks and to change any type of â€Å"thinking errors†. For our purposes, cognitive treatment is used in the correctional and community setting to help offenders think rationally and responsibly before they act. Sexual offending can vary along a broad spectrum of behaviors, from non-contact offences such as exhibitionism to contact offenses such as rape. Much of the research on the nature of sexual offending†¦show more content†¦Participants Participants will include all male child molesters or sex offenders held in the Duval County Jail in Jacksonville, FL. Participants will have to be male, 18 years of age or older, and method of offending along with the nature of victim selection is adequately defined as belonging to one of the following categories: child molesters, female victims: men who molested at most two female children in a situational context and child molesters, male victims: men who molested at most one male child. Dependent Measure Participants will answer the Clarke Sex History Questionnaire for Males-Revised to measure if the treatment worked. Questionnaire consists of 508-item self-report used to check a wide array of usual and abnormal sexual behaviors in an adult male population. Questionnaire can be located by Langevin, Ron; Paitch, Dan. 1999-2002. Yearbook: 16. Experimental Groups The group of child molesters will be randomly assigned to different groups. Therapy group members will receive cognitive treatment in a group setting, three days a week for a full hour for six months. Group members will also receive individual therapy on a weekly basis for hour sessions for six months. Therapy, group setting and individual setting, will focus on understanding their offending, improving empathy with the victim, managing negative moods,Show MoreRelatedSex Is A Sex Offender Or Not?1167 Words   |  5 PagesMost sex offeneders are male. Aileen Wuronos is one serial killer the residents of Florida have look to in both horror and fascination since it first happened. The question proposed is whether or not Aileen Wuronos is considered a sex offender or not. At first I didn’t believe she should be considered a sex offender, but after doing more reading on her cases and her as a person I changed my mind and believe that she is in fact one of the few female sex offenders. I thik she is just a cold bloodedRead MoreSex Offenders And Sexual Offenders1404 Words   |  6 Pages They can be your next door neighbor, someone down the street, or even a stranger behind you in line at the shopping center. Sex offenders are out there. They do not wear a label on them that says, â€Å"I am a registered sex offender†. They are required to register on the sex offender registry list as well as inform neighbors, put it on job applications, live a certain distance away from any zone which contain children, and follow severa l other places they are forbidden to go as part of their releaseRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1567 Words   |  7 PagesStates, failure to adequately discriminate between and among sex offenses and the overuse of the label â€Å"sex offense† has led to the polarization and over criminalization of sex crimes and has resulted in a lack of reintegration options for these alleged criminals. The term â€Å"sex offender† needs to be reserved for those individuals who best represent the meaning of the term. (Colbert, 2011, p. 1) According to US Department of Justice, a sex offender is anyone convicted of an offense of a sexual nature underRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1842 Words   |  8 Pagespopulation I do want to work with. After long thought, I decided I do not want to work with sex offenders, I’d rather work with children and perhaps that is where I get my bias against sex offenders or perhaps it stems from other reasons. Through my re search, I am hoping to discover new information about sex offenders that may change my opinion and help me to see them in a new light. When I think of a sex offender what automatically comes to my mind is a creepy middle aged white man who lives in closeRead MoreRehabilitation of Sex Offenders1113 Words   |  5 Pageschild. According to Becerra-Garcà ­a, Garcà ­a-Leà ³n and Egan (2012), sex offenders are twice as likely to report being sexually, emotionally, or physically abused as a child in comparison to other offenders. There are also other factors besides abuse that must be taken into consideration. A recent study on female sex offenders by Roe-Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) states, â€Å"the data reveal that many of the 118 female juvenile sex offenders came from chaotic and disorganized families and had poor parentalRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1528 Words   |  7 Pagestheir time in prison for their crimes, many sex offenders are sent to mental hospitals against their will, where they can be kept for undetermined amounts of time, even in some cases indefinitely. Some people see this as a gran d solution to the problem of having sex offenders in the community. Other see it as unethical, and a violation of human rights. Sex offences committed against children are one of the most deplorable crimes one can commit, and sex offenders, especially child molesters are generallyRead MoreSex Offender Registry2935 Words   |  12 Pagesperson that can be place on the National Sex Offender Registry is age 6. Yes, a kindergarten and be found to be a sexual predator as society puts it. Individuals on the registry are all treated equal by the public no matter the details of their actual crime. Even though the sex offender registry is a positive tool in the protection of society, the registry needs to be evaluated because sexual assault is not the only form of child abuse, non-violent offenders are on the registry, and children are nowRead MoreThe Profiling Of Sex Offenders2652 Words   |  11 PagesSex Offenders Brittany Pegram CJUS 340-D05 Criminology Professor Ryan Sharp â€Æ' Abstract In this paper I will discuss the typical profiling of sex offenders and how one cannot simply point them out in a crowd. I will discuss why sex offenders do not stand out from â€Å"normal† people. I will discuss a little bit of why these people do the things they do and what kind of cure there is for these crimes, if any. It is important to know why we cannot assume one is bad news, such as a sex offender and to findRead MoreJuvenile Sex Offenders6865 Words   |  28 PagesJuvenile sex offenders are frequently treated in the same manner as their adult counterparts with regards to punishment and sex offender registering. â€Å"Nationally, juvenile sex offenders make up 20% of all individuals charged with sexual offenses (McGinnis, 2006).† Placing a sex offender label on a juvenile may unjustifiably put restrictions on his or her opportunities in adulthood so it is for this reason that cases involving juvenile sex offenders should be prosecuted cautiously. The term â⠂¬Å"sex offender†Read MoreThe Portrayal Of Sex Offenders1781 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Sexual offenders are subject to a particularly devastating stigma and, consequently, classified as their own particular form of criminal. The nature of the offence tends to elicit extreme emotional responses and stand out as being especially egregious due to the potential for extreme emotional and psychological suffering in victims and the harm being most often directed towards vulnerable members of the population. The portrayal of sex offenders in the media also tends to create distorted

Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction free essay sample

You are going to investigate the ease with which different metals undergo oxidation and reduction. Materials:| 4 samples of each of: lead, zinc, iron, copper | spot plates steel wool/sand paper | | | | Solutions of: | copper(II) sulfate Ferric nitrate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate | | Procedure: 1. Obtain 4 samples of each metal and clean with steel wool or sand paper. Wash your hands after cleaning the metals so you are not exposed to lead dust). 2. Fill four bubbles on a spot plate with one of the solutions. Place one metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 3. Fill four new bubbles with a second solution. Place one sample of each metal in each of the bubbles. Observe and record the before and after appearance. 4. Repeat the above until all four solutions have been tested. Hypothesis: Write the reaction equation for each metal in copper (II) sulfate. Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s)| You will Id the products by the chemical reaction that will occur. We will write a custom essay sample on Oxidation Lab Different Metals Undergo Oxidation and Reduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zinc be the element under going oxidation as it looses electrons and copper will be the reduction as it gains electrons. | Pb(s)+CuSO4 (aq) Cu SO4 (aq) + Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Fe(s)+CuSO4 (aq) + FeSO4 (aq) +Cu(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Cu+2(s) + +-e Cu0(s)| Oxidation will occur because iron has high oxidation number then copper. | Cu(s)+CuSO4 (aq) CuSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each metal in Ferric nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(NO3)3(aq) + Z (s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Pb(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Pb (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Lead will be oxidized. Iron will be reduced| Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Fe(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) Cu (NO3)3(aq) +Fe(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and iron will be reduced. | Write the reaction equation for each metal in Lead (II) nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? Zn(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and lead will be reduced. | Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Pb(s) + Pb(NO3)2 | No reaction| Fe(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Cu(s) + Pb(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2(aq)+Pb(s)| No reaction. There will be no gaining or loosing electrons| Write the reaction equation for each me tal in silver nitrate Reaction equation| How will you ID the product? | Zn(s) + AgNO3(aq) ZnNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Zinc will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Pb(s) + AgNO3(aq) PbNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Lead will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Fe(s) + AgNO3(aq) FeNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Iron will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) CuNO3(aq) +Ag(s)Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e-Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s)| Copper will be oxidized and silver will be reduced| Part II: Once you have submitted your hypothesis, view the lab results here, create an observations table, and complete the discussion questions. Discussion Questions: Write the oxidation half-reaction, reduction half-reaction and the redox equation for each reaction you observed. Zinc + Copper (II) Sulfate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Cu+2(aq)+2e- Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Copper (II) Sulfate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction Cu+2(aq) + +-e Cu0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Cu+2(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Cu0(s) Balanced redox Ferric Nitrate and Lead * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq)+2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Ferric Nitrate * Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Fe+3(aq) + + 3e- Fe0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Fe+3(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Fe0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Lead (II) Nitrate Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Pb+4(aq) + +4e- Pb0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Pb+4(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Pb0(s) Balanced redox Zinc and Silver Nitrate * Zn0(s) Zn2+(aq) +2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Zn0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Iron and Silver Nitrate * Fe0(s) Fe+3(aq) +3e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Fe0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Fe+3(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Copper and Silver Nitrate Cu0(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- Oxidation half- reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Cu0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Cu+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Lead and Silver Nitrate * Pb0(s) Pb+2(aq) +2e- Oxidation Half reaction * Ag+1(aq) + +1e- Ag0(s) Reduction half reaction * Pb0(s) + Ag+1(aq) Pb+2(aq) + Ag0(s) Balanced redox Which metal underwent the most reactions? Zinc underwent the most reactions during this experiment. Zinc reacted with 3 out of 4 solutions, the only solution it did not react with was zinc iron. Which cation underwent the most reactions? Silver underwent the most reactions as it reacted with all four metal samples. Which metal underwent the most oxidations? Zinc underwent the most oxidation in this experiment. Which metal underwent the most reductions? Silver Nitrate underwent the most reductions and it was reduced by all four metal samples. Compare the metal that was most easily oxidized with the metal that was most easily reduced with their positions on the reactivity series. Is there any trend present? Silver(Ag),was most easily reduced and was lowest on the reactivity series in comparison with the other solutions. Zinc (Zn) had the highest reactivity out of all the metal samples it was compared against. If your dog accidentally swallowed a sentimental keepsake, with which of the above metals would you hope it was made? Why? If my dog swallowed something that held meaning to me, I would hope that it would have been copper because copper does not react with acids. There is stomach acid in a dog and copper would have most likely stood up to the stomach contents. Other metals could react with the contents of the dogs stomach, such as water, steam from the dogs breath on the way down and the acid in the dogs stomach. How did your results compare to your hypothesis? Did you get what you expected? My hypothesis was correct with the reactions of the metals and solutions. I did expect silver nitrate to react with all the metals as the cation is lower on the reactivity series. I also expected zinc to react with all the solutions except the ferric solution because ferric has a higher oxidation number that the zinc.

Medication Adherence and Community Pharmacy

Question: Explain about the Medication Adherence and Community Pharmacy? Answer: The role of community pharmacy in the face of funding cuts of the magnitude of 170M this year to improve patient services According to Clifford et al. (2010), Community pharmacy plays a vital role in dispensing medicines, providing advice on medicines use, promotion of good health as well as providing support the prevention agenda. The community pharmacy also supports people to take care of themselves, who went through major operations. However, considering the present condition, it can be said that the community pharmacy needs to play a greater role as part of the "integral local care models." These greater roles may include optimizing usage of medicines, provide support to the people with long-term conditions, treat minor injuries and illness, prevent ill-health and promote good health (2). The vision of the community pharmacy is to integrate with the wider social and healthcare system, which in turn will be helpful to relieve pressure on emergency departments, accident department as well as GPs. However, it is found that the reducing of funding for the community pharmacy is inhibiting them to provide their best care service for the patients. According to the NHS, in 2015/16, the NHS provided 2.8 bn on remuneration funding for the community pharmacy. From this 2.8, 2 is used for allowances and fees and 800m is used for drug reimbursement (3). However, the NHS declared to save 22 billion by 2020/2021, in this context it is important to know the role played by the community pharmacy. The numbers of pharmacies had increased by 20% since 2003. Although the government is cutting the fund for the community pharmacy, they are not ready to accept the decrease of efficiencies of community pharmacy. However, there are several reasons to believe that the efficiency of the community pharmacies will not decrease. Such as there are huge too many pharmacies to maintain "good patient access." On the other hand, most of the pharmacies under NHS funding are qualified for a high range of fees regardless of the quality service they provide. However, it is also found that most of the community pharmacies do not have efficient as well as effec tive dispensing arrangements, which have a deep impact on the quality care they supposed to provide. Apart from the fact that the community pharmacy has a good infrastructure to cope up with the new circumstances with less fund, it is also true that providing same efficient and effective quality service is not very easy task. The Chief Executive of NHS, Sir David Nicholsons aim to cut down the fund for the community pharmacy but expect same efficient work from the community pharmacy. According to the Chief Executive of NHS, Sir David Nicholson this was his new "challenge." On the other hand, when he retired Simon Stevens took his position and took similar venture, which is to reduce the funding for community pharmacy but expecting the same quality care (7). Therefore, the question remains same, is it possible to run same quality services in less funding? The answer is very complicated since the cut of money is not very little. According to the NHS, the Chief Executive decided to cut 170M in this year. When the Chief Executive of NHS, Sir David Nicholson announced to cut down about 170m the reaction from the press and common people were immense. According to mailOnline, 170m cuts could kill off a QUARTER of our chemists - prompting a warning of even more pressure on AEs (4). In the PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL, it is also stated: "Up to 3,000 pharmacies could close after government cuts, MPs warn. Therefore, it can be said that the pharmaceutical community is going to face a tough time (5). To fight back in this situation, the community pharmacy is already asking for public support through different social media. They also took the initiative to visit MPs and other local decision makers as well as to the local press and the patient groups to seek their support. According to the PSNC and NHS, the funding would be reduced from 2.8 bn to 2.63 bn, which is a reduction of more than 6% in cash terms (6). To help the community pharmacy in this situation, the PSNC agreed to provide discussion with the community pharmacy under NHS and DH as NHS and DH failed to provide specific proposals. To cope up with the situation, the community pharmacy took different steps, such as optimizing the se of medicines, provide support to the people with long-term conditions, treating m inor injuries and illness, preventing ill-health and promoting good health. Besides, the pharmacies are also taking initiatives to change their pharmacy care package to reduce their budget, which can be considered as effective to maintain the sustainability of the community pharmacy. To provide better care facilities, the community pharmacy took many initiatives, which were appreciated by the common people. Such as providing medicines optimization support, implementation of the MUR-type conversation and NMS-type intervention. To reduce the wastage of medicine, the pharmacies also started to synchronize patients medicines. To indicate the impact of pharmacy interventions, the pharmacy is using adherence scores and PAM (Patient Activation Measure) as well as educating the patients to use correct dosage or amount of medicines (8). The community pharmacy is also trying to implement enhanced community pharmacy care package for the patients. The patients, as well as their caregivers hugel y, appreciated this initiative step. The community pharmacy always tries their best to provide best services to the patients. On the other hand, based on the current news, the government is cutting of the funding of the community pharmacy, which is more than 6%. This announcement made the position of the community pharmacy very complicated. According to the new announcement, the government is going to cut 170M from the community pharmacy funding, which will certainly effect on the care services of the pharmacies. However, according to NHS, they are not going to accept any decrease in the care service quality. In this situation, the communist pharmacy accepted help from the PSNC and took several initiative steps to help the patients without decreasing their quality care. On the other hand, it was also found that the common people, as well is the newspapers, are raising their voice against the reduction of the fund for the community pharmacy, which is a positive sign. References Clifford S, Garfield S, Eliasson L, Barber N. Medication Adherence And Community Pharmacy: a review of education, policy and research in England. Pharm Pract (Internet). 2010 Apr 1;8(2):77-88. George K, Lovelady C, Connolly D, Parmar S, Davies MJ. Community pharmacy contribution to weight management: identifying opportunities. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2010 Feb 1;18(1):7-12. co.uk. Government plans 6% cut to pharmacy funding : Independent Pharmacist [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://www.independentpharmacist.co.uk/government-plans-6-cut-to-pharmacy-funding Mail Online. Home | Daily Mail Online [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/index.html Pharmaceutical-journal.com. The Pharmaceutical Journal news, information and learning resources on pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/ PSNC Main site. PSNC Main site [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://psnc.org.uk/ co.uk. Loading... [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/news/clinical-news/gp-practices-to-face-greater-demand-as-community-pharmacy-budget-is-cut/20030754.fullarticle Sunderland LPC. Christmas blow of 6% cuts to community pharmacy [Internet]. 2016 [cited 25 February 2016]. Available from: https://psnc.org.uk/sunderland-lpc/our-news/christmas-blow-of-6-cuts-to-community-pharmacy/