Explain what is meant by: Diversity and Equality Essay

Equity implies that each person is to be treated similarly and once can't separate between individuals, being reason for their confidence, sexuality, nationality, sex or age. Everybody is to be dealt with reasonably and similarly. Every individual has the option to be treated with deference and has the option to partake with others. Fairness however doesn't mean indistinguishable treatment. To make every individual similarly fruitful one must investigate every individual as an individual and deal with that specific person’s needs as per his/her conditions. The objective anyway must be that every individual is arriving at a similar objective anyway in his own most ideal way, yet toward the end a similar objective is effectively reached. To advance fairness one must upgrade the person’s abilities to take part in the public eye with no preference and as equivalent regardless. Everybody has the privilege as a person to have an equivalent chance and take advantage of their l ives and furthermore ought to accept that they don't have less odds of succeeding as a result of where they originate from, their convictions or a handicap. Assorted variety implies that each person however they are on the whole unique (character, culture, shading, religion, race, sexuality and sex) yet we are all in some way or another the equivalent. To acknowledge decent variety one must acknowledge and esteem one’s contrasts. Essentially the word assorted variety is fundamentally the same as the significance of correspondence anyway decent variety advances the methodology and expects to recognize the significance of people being distinction from each other. Being diverse is a positive thing and makes the world brilliant. Without Diversity life would be exhausting and everybody would be the equivalent, no new thoughts, no creation and with no improvement what so ever. Decent variety is the thing that makes the world push ahead. At the point when this methodology is overseen in the work setting the representatives contribute to give their maximum capacity. Assorted variety moves us to recognize a wide range of contrasts and valu e them so as to make our environmental factors a superior spot for everybody to work. Consideration implies that one needs to ensure that all the youngsters and youngsters paying little heed to their condition they are raised in, or what issues they may have, sex, incapacity religion and so forth they have equivalent access to instruction and can partake in full.

Health Organization Case Study in the USA Essay

Wellbeing Organization Case Study in the USA - Essay Example As Mensik et al. (2011) give ceaseless spotlight has been on upgrading further protection inclusion, increased by government protection of open part representatives. There has been requirement for upgraded open private division association in handling the basic issue through improvement of winning medicinal services associations. Variables impacting this technique have focused on the need to address nurture staffing, arrange/hierarchical development, asset the board, and at last patient fulfillment. Every one of these remaining parts a basic issue particularly given the way that the U.S. is as yet positioned low as far as quality social insurance among the industrialized countries. Standard Health is a non-benefit wellbeing association situated in Phoenix, Arizona working a system of 23 emergency clinics, notwithstanding particular offices. An enormous association by national principles, it provides food for the arrangement of wellbeing administrations, for example clinic care, crisis care, outpatient medical procedure places, recovery administrations, labs, hospice, home/long haul care and drug stores (Mensik et al., 2011). Late incorporation of essential consideration doctor centers for example Pennant Medical Group and Banner Arizona Medical Clinic further concretes the substances stake inside the American wellbeing division. Furthermore, the substance works a Medicare Advantage protection plan (Banner MediSun) as a major aspect of its bigger system of more noteworthy clinical inclusion of the American people.

Effect of Violence in the Media

Many years of mental research affirms that media brutality can expand hostility. Basically since the beginning of TV, guardians, instructors, lawmakers, and psychological wellness experts have been worried about the substance of TV projects and its effect, especially on kids. Of unique concern has been the depiction of viciousness, particularly given analyst Albert Bandura's work on social learning and the propensity of kids to impersonate what they see. Because of 15 years of reliably upsetting discoveries about the brutal substance of kids' projects, the Surgeon General's Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior was framed in 1969 to survey the effect of viciousness on the mentalities, qualities and conduct of watchers. The subsequent Surgeon General's report and a subsequent report in 1982 by the National Institute of Mental Health distinguish these significant impacts of seeing viciousness on TV: * Children may turn out to be less touchy to the agony and enduring of others * Children might be increasingly dreadful of their general surroundings Children might be bound to carry on in forceful or hurtful manners toward others Research by therapists L. Rowell Huesmann, Leonard Eron and others found that kids who viewed numerous long periods of brutality on TV when they were in primary school would in general likewise show a more significant level of forceful conduct when they became young people. By watching th ese youngsters into adulthood, Dr. Huesmann and Dr. Eron found that the ones who hadd watched a great deal of TV savagery when they were eight years of age were bound to be captured and indicted for criminal goes about as grown-ups. Curiously, being forceful as a kid didn't foresee observing progressively savage TV as an adolescent, proposing that TV viewing may more regularly be a reason as opposed to an outcome of forceful conduct. Rough computer games are a later wonder; along these lines there is less research on their belongings. Be that as it may, explore by clinician Craig A. Anderson and others shows that playing savage computer games can build an individual's forceful musings, emotions and conduct both in research center settings and in real life. Truth be told, an investigation by Dr. Anderson in 2000 recommends that rough computer games might be more unsafe than fierce elevision and motion pictures since they are intelligent, exceptionally charming and require the player to relate to the assailant. Dr. Anderson and different specialists are likewise investigating how rough music verses influence kids and grown-ups. In a recent report including understudies, Anderson found that tunes with brutal verses expanded hostility related contemplations and feelings and this impact was legitimately identified with the vicious substance of the verses. â€Å"One significant end from this and other research on fierce amusement media is that content matters,† says Anderson. This message is significant for all buyers, however particularly for guardians of kids and teenagers. † A normal youngster in the U. S. watches 28 hours of TV week by week, seeing upwards of 8,000 homicides when the individual in question completes grade school at age 11, and more awful, the executioners are portrayed as pulling off the killings 75% of the time while demonstrating no regret or responsibility. Such TV savagery socialization may make youngsters safe to ruthlessness and hostility, while others be come frightful of living in such a perilous society. With the exploration obviously indicating that viewing rough TV projects can prompt forceful conduct, The American Psychological Association passed a goals in 1985 illuminating supporters and the general population regarding the potential perils that survey brutality on TV can have for kids. In 1992, the APA's Task Force on Television and Society distributed a report that further affirmed the connection between TV savagery and animosity. In 1990, Congress passed the Children's Television Act (CTA), which sketched out new guidelines for business communicate stations. Because of the CTA (which was refreshed in 1996), stations are required to air at any rate three hours of programming â€Å"that promotes the training and instructive needs of kids 16 years and under in any regard, including kids' savvy person/psychological or social/passionate necessities. † These projects must be marked with the assignment â€Å"E/I† and have plainly expressed, composed instructive targets. These instructive projects for the most part contain both immediate and circuitous messages cultivating participation and sympathy instead of animosity. Guardians currently have positive alternatives with regards to picking TV programs for their youngsters. Research on TV and viciousness has likewise prompted the improvement of substance based rating frameworks that permit guardians to make decisions about the projects' substance previously permitting their youngsters to watch a show. Other than cautioning of the hurtful impacts of savage media content, brain science has a solid history of drawing out the best in TV. For instance, Daniel R. Anderson, an educator of brain research at the University of Massachusetts, has worked with makers of kids' projects like Sesame Street and Captain Kangaroo to help TV shows instruct youngsters.

Historic leaders Vs Nowadays leaders Dissertation

Notable pioneers Vs Nowadays pioneers - Dissertation Example Copyright in the content of this paper rests with the Author. Duplicates (by any procedure) either in full, or of concentrates, might be made uniquely as per directions given by the Author. The responsibility for protected innovation rights, which might be portrayed in this thesis, is vested in the writer and may not be made accessible for use by outsiders without the composed assent of the writer, which will recommend the terms and states of any such understanding. Affirmations I devote this exposition to my caring mother and father just as the entirety of my companions who caused from various perspectives to finish up effectively this task. Theoretical It is lamentably evident that nobody single ideal pioneer in mankind's history is the perfect as far as authority, and this implies it is difficult to characterize correctly the arrangement of attributes and abilities that any pioneer ought to yearn for. In any case, it bodes well to attempt to see better initiative and the traits, a bilities and qualities wanted in pioneers by looking at that which extraordinary pioneers have shown through the ages on the grounds that such an exertion helps with the comprehension of authority and yearnings for administration. In spite of the fact that initiative is a strongly human action, pioneers must endeavor to accomplish the correct vision for the fate of their gathering in a situation in which they exist with their gatherings and in their time. This implies the correct authority must present a respect for the multifaceted nature of sorted out society and the condition of advancement of mankind to defy future difficulties. Since authority is of hugeness for any gathering and there is a deficiency of skilled pioneers in all circles of human movement, with remarkable difficulties lying ahead, it is conceivable to pick up from bits of knowledge about administration by looking at an example of pioneers of the past with an example of present day pioneers to choose about initiat ive and its advancement after some time. This thesis presents a correlation of Alexander the Great, King Leonidas, Napoleon, Che Guevara, Margaret Thatcher and Barack Obama as pioneers to choose about initiative and the development of authority. Substance Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Objectives of study 7 1.3 Scope of study 9 1.4 Structure of thesis 10 Chapter 2 Historic Leaders 11 2.1 Alexander the Great 13 2.1.1 Alexander the Great in the Light of the Trait Theory of Leadership 14 2.1.2 Alexander the Great and the Situational Theory of Leadership 16 2.1.3 Alexander the Great in the Light of Contingency Theory of Leadership 17 2.1.4 Alexander the Great as a Transformational Leader

The Importance of Using a Patriotic Writing Paper

The Importance of Using a Patriotic Writing PaperWhat could be more fun and exciting than handing out patriotic writing paper to your children? Kids love writing their own personal thoughts. Here are a few ideas for writing a special patriotic writing paper.There is a tendency to think that conservatism in America is the only way to go, but there are many types of conservatism in today's world, including the conservative way to write a paper. A good patriotic writing paper is to start with an idea that has strong emotional and ethical ties to patriotism. It is not too far fetched to use quotes from the Declaration of Independence or speeches from the Gettysburg Address. This allows the reader to connect to the message and feel like they are taking part in the patriotic exercise.You might ask the child to research historical events that have made a difference in our nation and the writing they have chosen to place on the paper. This exercise helps them to draw inspiration from things that have occurred in our country. If you want to use patriotic symbols, use them sparingly as well as allowing the child to add their own touches to the writing.The child can then make the patriotism real by writing their own messages about patriotism in the end of the paper. Doing this gives the child the chance to create a good-natured project that all can enjoy.A patriotic writing paper is always the best and fastest way to encourage the children to become writers. They will love it when they see how much they can do by following directions and creating wonderful pieces of literature. Writing will enable the children to grow their ideas into words. When they become more proficient at writing, they will be able to take on more challenging projects and can develop further.Next time you hand out a patriotic writing paper, think of the next time you can hand out a patriotic writing paper. Such apaper will come in handy. It will serve as an encouragement tool for kids to write qualit y papers that will have a positive impact in the lives of people around them.A patriotic writing paper is going to be very meaningful to children. They are going to love the freedom of expression that it will give them to express themselves, their beliefs and their dreams. The children can feel the pride they get from putting together great patriotic messages and writing down the sentiment behind it.The writing paper will help the children to express themselves more freely, to write what they think, and to express their dreams. It will be a joy for them to enjoy the work they put into it. It is also an opportunity for parents to show their patriotism and to instill it in their children.

Literary analysis on A Good Man Is Hard To Find by Flannery O'Conner Research Paper

Scholarly investigation on A Good Man Is Hard To Find by Flannery O'Conner - Research Paper Example In any case, a smidgen of knowledge into the interests and craftsmanship of Flannery O’Connor makes her composing praiseworthy on both artistic and strict grounds. â€Å"Cathartic harshness, a faith in effortlessness as something destroying to the beneficiary, a gelid idea of salvation, and brutality as a power for good† (Galloway) portray her work. She was very much aware of her double job as a Catholic essayist and a fiction author. She just attempted to homogenize both. In this manner where the strict measurement was never far away from her composing she was likewise impacted by Martin Heidegger’s idea of dasein: the snapshot of death makes a man’s presence packed with importance. She mixes portrayal with the setting and works out the significance of the story. In the accompanying investigation let us take a gander at the elements of portrayal, topic, and setting in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find. Great characters motivate solid sentiments. Portrayal ought not start and end halfway however ought to be proceeded till the end as the characters advance. Unessential characters ought to be stayed away from and all the characters ought to contribute in differing degrees to the advancement of the plot and profundity of the story. A Good Man Is Hard to Find is a sensible model for good portrayal. The activity in the story unfurls through the grandma. She is the unstable individual in the story with a chatty tongue. The old woman is anyway a Christian just by appearances. Her ethical saying is her existence. At the point when that is stripped by her encounter with the executioner there is no future for the character of the grandma. Why youre one of my infants. Youre one of my own youngsters! (O’Connor 132). These words are certainly not to impact the executioner against shooting her yet it is her sparing snapshot of elegance where she understands the void of her until now presen ce and perceives the Misfit as the mechanism of the beauty. O’Connor was humane to her

CSR Implementation - Long Term Plans - Free Essay Example

Thirdly, UVN and TMV are among typical successful examples of business firms that pursue a long-term plan for their CSR implementation. This can be seen in Unilever Sustainable Living Plan launched in 2010 which specifies the direction and sets out primary objectives to be achieved by the company up to 2020. In this plan, UVN not only sets clear targets but also presents major areas of CSR to be addressed as well as detailed action plans for each area. USLP is a comprehensive and useful guide for all of its CSR activities towards Vietnamese community. With regard to the case of TMV, the giant company also develops a CSR plan which is presented in Toyota Global Vision 2020 introduced in 2011. Through this plan, Toyota Global in general and TMV in particular include the rights of the communities (Enriching lives of communities) as one of the three ambitious goals across its entire business. In addition, TMV also incorporate social contribution and environmental protection into its business philosophy which is to be followed in its day-to-day operations. Thanks to the establishment of long-term plans with respect to the conduct of CSR, UVN and TMV have been enjoying great success. These long-term plans function as helpful and detailed guidelines for the two companies to effectively plan and manage their CSR activities. Fourthly, UVN and TMV both direct their CSR plans through specialized divisions: Unilever Vietnam Foundation and T oyota Vietnam Foundation. These special foundations are the strategic movements of the two corporations towards more effective and successful CSR programs. Well established in 2004 and 2005 respectively, UVF and TVF have been effectively functioning as a key channel between their companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CSR activities and the community as well as related agencies and organizations. With their existences, UVN and TMV can not only reap huge benefits from better CSR planning and management but also develop and maintain stronger relationships with stakeholders of their CSR activities Last but not least, by constantly striving to acquire more certifications and integrate CSR-related standards into their operations, UVN and TMV have successfully proven their ongoing efforts in performing CSR. Many certifications and standards relating to quality management, environment or occupational safety such as ISO 9001 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2000, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 have been effectively emplo yed by both UVN and TMV. Besides, UVN and TMV also develop and ensure the compliance with their own CSR policies throughout their entire operation. Unileverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Highest Nutritional standards; Toyota CSR policy; Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Environmental Protection Handbook or Toyotaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Health, Safety and Environment Policyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are all great examples of corporate policies towards a successful CSR. Recommendations to Vietnamese firms Raising awareness about CSR among company leaders and employees As mentioned earlier, lack of proper understanding about CSR is one of the major barriers to CSR performance of Vietnamese firms. Thus, raising awareness about CSR among both managers and staff is the top priority of any business wishing to pursue CSR. Raising awareness about CSR must firstly aims at the managers or leaders since their decisions have a huge impact on the production and business strategy of the company, particularly in small and medium companies. Company leaders will be the driving force behind the implementation of CSR; hence, promoting their participation in several courses and seminars on how to conduct and manage CSR is essential to the success of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CSR plan. Besides, as the implementation of CSR requires the collective agreement from workers and employees in the company; it is also important to disseminate helpful information about CSR to these groups. Some recommended methods for educating company staff about CSR include integratin g CSR into companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s regulations and policies or organizing educational workshops on CSR, etc. Establishing specialized agencies to manage CSR activities Since CSR requires long-term financial investment as well as a great amount of time and efforts to be conducted, there is an urgent need for the formulation of specialized agencies which will be accountable for the planning, implementation and management of corporate social responsibilities activities. Just as UVN manages its CSR implementation through Unilever Vietnam Foundation and TVF through Toyota Vietnam Foundation, Vietnamese firms can follow these two pioneers to set up their own specialized divisions to take charge of the whole CSR plan in general and community-related CSR in particular. By having special agencies to prepare and carry out their social activities, businesses can not only save time and efforts to focus more on their business operations but they can also gain more benefits from increasingly effective CSR programs. Furthermore, these agencies may serve as useful intermediaries between CSR performing businesses and the public, government as well as internationa l organizations, which are the greatest sources of support for businessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ CSR implementation. Closely collaborating with companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brands and specialized organizations when implementing CSR Another recommendation for Vietnamese businesses when executing CSR is to closely cooperate with their sub-brands and governmental agencies as well as international organizations. By jointly working together with its brands, especially those well-known ones, businesses can enjoy the benefit of increasing popularity among the public. The fact is that for some multinational companies operating in FMCG industry, their sub-brands (or private product brands) are even more familiar to the public in general and consumers in particular. For example, many Vietnamese consumers may know very well about such brands as P/S, OMO, Vim, etc. without any reference to the parent brand Unilever. Thus, by closely collaborating with famous sub-brands, businesses can broaden the reach of their CSR activities as well as receive more supports from these brands both in terms of money and effort. On the other hand, implementing CSR activities in close conjunction with governmental agencies and specialize d international organizations is also of strategic importance to CSR practicing firms in Vietnam. While governmental agencies can facilitate the communication of their CSR programs among the public; international organizations and NGOs, especially those focus on improving communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s well-being, can provide local businesses with good advices regarding the implementation of CSR. These assistance and support not only help businesses successfully run and develop their CSR projects but also generate a powerful source of motivations for their CSR performance. Maintaining and expanding the application of CSR standards and policies Among the biggest drivers behind CSR performance is the adoption and various CSR policies and standards. These policies and standards will provide Vietnamese firms with useful guiding principles when implementing CSR. Above all, at the core of their CSR implementation plan, Vietnamese firms should set out and integrate their own Code of Conduct and CSR policies into their business strategies. These policies should be designed to govern such CSR issues as production standards, labor, environment, etc. as well as point out clear goals to be achieved in each aspect of CSR. In addition, they should also acquire certifications and adopt international standards to ensure effective CSR performance. Some example of these universally accepted CSR standards include Quality Management System ISO 9001 2000, Environmental Management System ISO 14001 or Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Service OHSAS 18001, Good Manufacturing Practices à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" GMP or Worldwide Responsible Ac credited Production à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" WRAP, etc. By successfully developing and ensuring the compliance with these CSR-related policies and standards throughout their entire operation, Vietnamese firms are getting one step closer to a sustainable CSR implementation plan. Recommendations to policy-makers Enhancing awareness about CSR implementation among Vietnamese enterprises As mentioned in previous sections, lack of proper understanding about CSR is among the toughest challenges to the implementation of CSR by local enterprises. Thus, having the right perception and deep awareness of social responsibility is essential for any business wishing to perform CSR successfully. In raising and enhancing the awareness of the businesses about this issue, the role of the government is of great significance. There are numerous measures for the government to adopt such as organizing more frequent CSR discussion forums and conferences; raising awareness through propagandas; integrating CSR into university programs or granting good CSR performers with prestigious awards. Some of the above solutions have been addressed by Vietnamese governments such as awarding socially responsible businesses with the annual CSR Award since 2005. However, these awards have just been granted for responsibilities towards the environment and labor forces. It would be better if the y are expanded into other areas of CSR such as community involvement or consumer protection in order to inspire more comprehensive CSR implementation among businesses. Regarding the organization of CSR forums and conferences, some initiatives by the VCCI have been mentioned earlier. Since these conferences provide a good opportunity for businesses to discuss and exchange ideas about CSR; broadening the scope as well as maintaining the continuity of these meaningful meetings is of great importance. It would be better if the government also encourages the dissemination and sharing of valuable CSR experiences, especially from some corporations well-known for their CSR practices such as UVN or TMV, etc. through those forums and meetings Currently, in universities, students are only provided with technical skills and professional trainings with little or even no official programs about business ethical behaviors or CSR performances. As theses business behaviors play a key role in d etermining the success of any business, the integration of such knowledge in the teaching syllabuses is really necessary. By integrating CSR as a subject in the curriculums of some major universityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s programs, the government can help raise the awareness about this crucial business issue among Vietnamese youngsters. Through these programs, they can discover the important roles of CSR in business, while at the same time, recognize the long-term benefits from the undertaking of such responsibilities. As the young generation will become future leaders of the national economy, shaping their understanding about CSR plays a key role in the promotion of CSR activities in particular and sustainable development the country in general. Providing more support and incentives to encourage CSR implementation For CSR activities to be performed more frequently and widely, the government should employ more effective incentive policies. With regard to those who have been implementing good CSR policies, more incentives and motivations should be provided such as tax reductions, CSR awards or other business priorities, etc. At the same time, to facilitate enterprises in implementing CSR for the first time, the government should develop and establish a sample model for CSR implementation or take examples from some major businesses representative for good CSR practice. Additionally, the government can further support local enterprises in performing CSR by guiding them on how to apply environmental protection standards, clean production measures or worker safety requirements, etc. in their businesses. Meanwhile, for those enterprises what violate the laws and cause great harm to consumers, communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s well-being and the environment, the government should take stronger meas ures to handle their violations. Competent agencies and authorities at all levels should also firmly say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“noà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to those businesses that solely pursue profitability aim without care for the rights and health of consumers and the community. In addition to the reinforcement of business behaviorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ monitoring, heavier punishments and penalties should be imposed on irresponsible businesses in order to discourage similar behaviors from others. Since the majority of local enterprises are small and medium-sized, the greatest challenges to these enterprises when conducting CSR is lack of financial capability. Thus, Vietnamese governments can better assist by providing them with financial supports to carry out and sustain their CSR programs. These financial supports can be establishing funds to provide firms with access to capital; giving preferential loans or providing consultation services to local firms regarding the conduct of CSR, etc. Besid es, the government can also launch some joint projects between government and business firms; promote the involvement of NGOs; encourage and create favorable conditions for the implementation of international projects on CSR in Vietnam. Revising the legal framework and regulations The legal framework is the basic foundation and guideline for businesses to implement CSR. However, the current legal framework of Vietnam is still exposed to some shortcomings and inadequacies. These weaknesses have created legal loopholes for many businesses to take advantage of in order to evade their social responsibilities. Therefore, revising and strengthening the legal system and law enforcement are among the overriding needs. Specifically, the legal framework should be amended in the following ways: The first recommendation is to issue the law articles in more details. Most of the current laws and legal documents relating to some issues such as the protection of workers, consumers, food safety standards or environmental pollution are still very generic. In addition, the objects which are directly subject to these regulations are often not aware of or only vaguely understand. Thus, the legal documents should be adjusted to become more detailed, specific and easier to appl y as well as enforce. Secondly, since most of the current legal documents have contradictions and often overlap each other, they cannot serve as helpful guidelines for businesses. Thus, there is a pressing need for a unified and consistent legal framework. High consistency and unity will help create a safe legal environment for enterprises when doing business as well as performing CSR. In order to achieve and maintain this consistency, the government should follow a longer-term vision when passing laws and legal documents to avoid frequent revisions and adjustments. Thirdly, in the context of increasing openness and deeper integration into the global economy, Vietnamese governments should also take into consideration international laws and regulations concerning CSR. The reason behind this is simple: greater economic integration requires local firms to do business with foreign partners more frequently, which results in increased exposure to international standards and policies in respect of labor, environment or community, etc. Thus, national laws and policies should be built based on these international foundations to avoid misunderstanding and ensure effective domestic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" foreign cooperation.